Wednesday, 6 March 2024

Deuteronomy: ‘The One and Only

 


This book opens with God’s people in the wilderness preparing to enter the promised land—do you get a feeling deja-vous?  We’ve been here before—at the beginning of Numbers.  However in Numbers a whole generation of adults[2] failed to trust God and enter the land, so they died in the desert.  Now we are preparing for entry again.     

On the plains of Moab, by the river Jordan, Moses addresses them before he dies.  In three sermons he gives them God’s instructions.  He urges them not to blow it like their parent’s generation had, in the light of all that God had done they are to trust and obey.  

Sermon 1 ‘The One and Only’ (chapters 1:5-4):

The first and shortest sermon begins in chapter 1 verse 5.  In this Moses spends a lot of time reminding them of what has been happening during their time in the wilderness.  Despite the fact that God had preformed miraculous signs among them the people had refused to believe that he could conquer the inhabitants of Canaan.  So that generation did not enter the land.  ‘Just like you might send a disobedient child to his or her room, God sent a disobedient Israel into the desert to think over their “attitude problem”’[3].  God did however care for them in the wilderness (2:7), and strengthened them so that, after the period of discipline, the next generation could receive the Promised Land.[4]

Moses reminds them of these things to highlight what God is like.  To show them how God does things—so that they might know who it is that they are dealing with.  In chapter 4 comes the most important thing they are to know about God—he is ‘the One and Only’: . . . ‘the LORD is God; besides him there is no other’ (NIV) (4:35).  This is not only the central message of the first sermon—this is the central message of the whole book.      

Sermon 2 Part 1:  ‘God who takes the initiative’ (chapters 5-7):  

The second sermon, which begins in chapter 5, is the longest by far.  It has, however, a simple structure: after telling them more about the LORD, Moses focuses on how they should respond to him.  With this in mind we are going to divide the sermon in two.

It opens by reminding them that their relationship with God is the result of God’s initiative.  It was God who rescued them from Egypt (5:6)—and in so doing made them into a nation; and it was God who initiated a covenant with this new nation at Sinai (Horeb) (5:2).

As in Exodus, the Ten Commandments are introduced here with a reminder of what God has already done for them (5:6).  Their obedience to these commands is not what will save them.  God has already saved them!  Their obedience is to be their response to his salvation.

But why did God save them?  What prompted him to take the initiative?  Deuteronomy 7:6-9:

For you are a people holy to the LORD your God.  The LORD your God has chosen you out of all the peoples on the face of the earth to be his people, his treasured possession.

The LORD did not set his affection on you and choose you because you were more numerous than other peoples, for you were the fewest of all peoples.  But it was because the LORD loved you and kept the oath he swore to your forefathers that he brought you out with a mighty hand and redeemed you from the land of slavery, from the power of Pharaoh king of Egypt.  Know, therefore, that the LORD your God is God; he is the faithful God, keeping his covenant love to a thousand generations of those who love him and keep his commands. (NIV)

Did God choose them because they were an impressive nation of people?  No!  Quite the opposite, they were insignificant.  He simply loved them because he loved them, and because he is the God who is faithful to his covenant promises.

When we think of our salvation we remember that God took the first step.  He rescued us from slavery—a second Exodus, on the cross freeing us from slavery to sin.  He has loved us even though we have done nothing to deserve that love.  Rom. 5:8 . . ‘God demonstrated his own love for us in this: While we were still sinners, Christ died for us’ (NIV).  He did not set his love on us because we were impressive or faithful, we were weak and rebellious.  To the Christian he says, ‘I love you not because you are better, or wiser, or more attractive, or more impressive than anyone else.  I simply love you because in grace I choose to love you.  Nothing can separate you from my love.’

 

Sermon 2: Part 2, Response: ‘Trust and Obey’ (Chapters 6-28)

Ch. 6 tells us that there is really only one fundamental response that Israel should make to the LORD—to love him.  Verses 4-5, Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God, the LORD is one [he is the one and only].  Love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength’ (NIV).  They are to love him with every fibre of their being.

God has demonstrated his awesome love for them.  He has been committed to them through thick and thin.  Despite the stubbornness of his people he has stuck with them.  Yes, God disciplined them—he did it to wake them up to themselves.  He never stopped wanting the best for Israel.  That is biblical love.  It is essentially commitment.  Love is not just a warm, fuzzy feeling, although that may be a part of it.  Love is primarily a deliberate expression of loyalty.[5]

The remainder of the second sermon spells out the behaviour that is to demonstrate their love for the LORD.  Their love is to be shown in trust and obedience.

Israel’s first attempt to enter the Promised Land had ended in disaster because they had rebelled against God and refused to enter.  Moses points out that what they had been lacking was trust and obedience (see Duet. 9:23-24).  As a result they spent forty years in the wilderness.  Deuteronomy contains a great deal of instruction about how that wilderness experience should have taught them the importance of trust and obedience.

For example in chapter 8, Moses points to LORD’s provision of manna.  It should have taught them that God can be trusted.  Every day they had to trust God to feed them, and not once had he failed them.  Now as they prepared to enter the land they were to trust God, and once in the land—enjoying its luxuries, they were not to forget that everything comes from God.   

At the start of chp.11, Moses takes another lesson they should have learned from their time in the wilderness—a lesson to teach them the importance of obeying God.  Dathan and Abiram treated God with contempt and were literally swallowed up by the earth (see Numbers 16:1-35).  Through such events God reminds the people that obedience is important—as is spelt out in the rest of that chapter.

The rest of the second sermon is heavy going.  It contains lots of specific ways they are to obey God once in the Promised Land.  Their diversity reminds us that every aspect of life is relevant to God.  Some of them are extensions of the Ten Commandments, applying their principles for a new setting.  Many are designed to be a reminder of God’s absolute holiness.

But what about us, are we to follow all the commands that are given here?  We have looked at this already in our Bible overview.  The laws Moses gave to Israel were for the old covenant, not the new.  Christians are no longer under the law (e.g. Rom. 6:14). 

However, that does not mean that these verses are irrelevant.  When we read them we should look behind the law and consider what aspect of God’s character it is referring to.  For example, many of the laws relate to God’s concern for the needy—as we read them we remember that God is merciful. 

One last thing about obedience before we move on to the third sermon: Israel was to keep these laws out of love for God.  This was not supposed to be a dry, cold, legalism.  This was to be a labour of love.  In the same way, as Christians, we are to obey God out of love for him.  God has saved us, he has made us his people, and in response we ought to love him with thankful hearts.  And our love should be show itself in obedience.  As Jesus said, ‘If you love me you will obey my commands’ (John 14:15).

 

Sermon 3: ‘Happily ever after?’(Chapters 29-33):

As we reach the third and last sermon the unimaginable is about to happen—Moses is going to die.  He was the leader God used to bring them out of Egypt, who led them while they were in the wilderness.  In preparation for Moses’ death Joshua is endorsed as his successor (31:1-8), and the things that God had told Moses are written down (31:9-13).

In this last sermon Moses presents them with a choice.  It is a choice that all of Deuteronomy has been presenting to them.  Are they going to follow God when they enter the Promised Land?  It’s a choice between life and death; between God’s way and their own way. 

If they choose God’s way it will be like Eden all over again—they will be God’s people, in God’s place, enjoying God’s blessing.  If they choose to go their own way it will be like the Fall all over again. As Adam and Eve were removed from the garden, so they will be removed from the Promised Land (see chapter 28).

In the last chapters we see what Israel’s choice will be. Again they will choose not to follow him.  Continue reading through the Old Testament and you’ll see what happens.  We read of continued rebellion, idolatry, corrupt kings, and civil war until—in line with his warning in Deuteronomy—God tears Israel out of the Promised Land (first by sending the Assyrians and then the Babylonians to conquer and displace them—see 1 and 2 Kings).

So a book that began with such hope—a new generation about to enter the Promised Land, ends in disappointment—Israel will mess it up again!  It leaves us with questions: ‘what can be done to make a people who are obedient?’ ‘Is there any way that sin can finally be dealt with?’    

These questions point us to Jesus.  For on the cross Jesus broke the grip of sin in our lives.  On the cross Jesus opened up the way for us to be forgiven by God and become his obedient children.  Moreover, Jesus’ followers have the Spirit living within them, enabling us to put to death our sinful nature.[6]

 

Conclusion:

The LORD is the one and only.  Who or what else is there that should command our greatest loyalty?

The LORD is the gracious God, who rescued his people from slavery in Egypt.  Therefore Israel’s fundamental response to him is to be one of grateful love.  A love that was to be demonstrated by trusting him and obeying him!

The LORD has rescued us from something worse than slavery in Egypt—slavery to sin.  Therefore our fundamental response to him is to be one of grateful love.  A love demonstrated by trusting and obeying.  This is a response we can make because Jesus has given us a fresh start and a fresh heart!

 

 



[1] A lot of this sermon used material adapted from Bryson Smith, The One and Only.  Interactive Bible Study available from www.thegoodbook.co.uk

[2] With the exception of Joshua and Caleb.

[3] Bryson Smith, The One and Only, p. 13. 

[4] Bryson Smith, The One and Only, p. 16. 

[5] Bryson Smith, The One and Only, p. 33.

[6] Moses had seen that a radical work was necessary in the heart was needed (Duet. 30:1-10).

J. G. Millar, ‘Despite all that God has done for his people, they will surely disobey.  Moses however, goes on to anticipate the later prophetic discussions of the ‘new covenant’ [e.g. Jer. 31-34].  The grace which God has shown to Israel in the past will one day be surpassed by his provision of a lasting solution to the problem of human sin.  At the deepest level, the theology of Deuteronomy is a theology of grace, and thus anticipates the coming of Jesus to deal with the problem as human sin. In Alexander and Rosner (Ed.s), New Dictionary of Biblical Theology.

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